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Norfolk & Western 2156
Norfolk & Western 2156 is the strongest-pulling extant steam locomotive in the world, although it is not operational. It is a four-cylinder compound articulated (Mallet) locomotive with a 2-8-8-2 (Whyte notation) wheel arrangement. The Norfolk & Western Railway built it in 1942 at its Roanoke Shops in Roanoke, Virginia, and it was part of the Norfolk & Western's Y6a class. It was retired from regular rail service in July 1959, and today it is owned by the Museum of Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. In 2014, the St. Louis Museum of Transportation announced that a 5-year lease has been agreed upon between them and the Virginia Museum of Transportation in Roanoke, Virginia. It was towed from St. Louis to Roanoke, Virginia on May 10, 2015.
==Historic significance==
Norfolk & Western 2156 is the sole survivor of the railroad's Y5, Y6, Y6a, and Y6b classes (in final form referred to as the "Improved Y5/Y6 class"). These locomotives were among the hardest-pulling steam locomotives ever built. They were originally rated for a tractive effort of , and improvements in the 1950s resulted in most of these locomotives (including N&W 2156) having their tractive effort increased to a measured , which necessitated adding about of lead to the front engine frame, to improve traction. (By comparison, the famous Union Pacific Big Boy locomotives developed of tractive effort.) This pulling power is all the more remarkable insofar as the only successful steam locomotives that developed somewhat more tractive effort, the Virginian AE class 2-10-10-2s, pulled trains at about 8 mph (13 km/h), while the N&W Y6’s regularly pulled trains 50 mph (80 km/h), and some anecdotal evidence exists that they pulled trains successfully up to 63 mph (101 km/h).
N&W 2156 is also one of the Y6a's that received a new firebox with an extended combustion chamber of the type used on the Y6b class, which increased drawbar horsepower from 4400 hp (3.3 MW) at 20 mph (32 km/h) to 5600 hp (4.2 MW) at 25 mph (40 km/h).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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